Protein Name
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha
UniProt ID
Ensembl Gene ID
NCBI Gene ID
Molecular Weight
50981
Protein Length
483
Protein Domain
3D Structure
(PDB ID : 2dfm)
Target by Small Molecules
Protein-protein Interaction Database
Gene Expression
Drugs and Diseases
Enzyme Class
Catalytic Site
Catalytic Activity
[tau protein]-L-serine + ATP = [tau protein]-O-phospho-L-serine + ADP + H(+)[tau protein]-L-threonine + ATP = [tau protein]-O-phospho-L-threonine + ADP + H(+)ATP + L-seryl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein]ATP + L-threonyl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein]
Function
Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. In Wnt signaling, regulates the level and transcriptional activity of nuclear CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Facilitates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the generation of APP-derived amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer disease. May be involved in the regulation of replication in pancreatic beta-cells. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation.
Gene Ontology
GO:0097440; GO:0030877; GO:0005829; GO:0005739; GO:0043025; GO:0098794; GO:1990635; GO:0005524; GO:0034236; GO:0004674; GO:0005102; GO:0048156; GO:0050321; GO:0003214; GO:0032869; GO:0036016; GO:0007212; GO:0060079; GO:0097191; GO:0097192; GO:0005977; GO:0008286; GO:0036498; GO:0090090; GO:0061052; GO:0046325; GO:2000466; GO:0045719; GO:1904227; GO:0046627; GO:0032007; GO:2000077; GO:0010905; GO:0007399; GO:0018107; GO:0071879; GO:0106071; GO:1902004; GO:0010628; GO:2000467; GO:0045823; GO:1901030; GO:0032436; GO:0045732; GO:1903955; GO:0031398; GO:0043161; GO:0006468; GO:1903146; GO:0003073; GO:0016055